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Command pgrep is a command line utility similar to ps It was initially written for Solaris 7 operating system. Later it was reimplementation for all major OS that have /proc pseudo filesystem including Linux, BSD and HP-UX 11.3.
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Options are identical with those implemented on Solaris, so Solaris documentation can be used for Linux pgrep.
Like in ps process name can be specified with extended regular expression patterns, and, by default, returns their ID. Functionally, the pgrep command combines the ps command with the grep command.
The syntax:
pgrep [-option] pattern
| Options | Description |
|---|---|
| - l | long listings (name of the profess and its PID) |
| -g pgrplist | Matches the processes with the process group ID. |
| -G gidlist | Matches the active processes with the group ID(s) specified in the command line. For example, if you are searching for processes running with the group ID sysman, specify the command pgrep G sysman. |
| -d delim | Specifies a delimiter for separating PIDs. |
| -n | Matches the most recent process. |
| -P ppidlist | The processes are matched with the parent process ID in the listing. |
| -s sidlist | The processes are matched with the session ID in the list. |
| -t termlist | Matches the terminal on which the process is running. |
| -u euidlist | Matches processes with the effective used ID in the list. The effective uid is the uid of the executable file when the SUID of the file is set. |
| -U uidlist | Matches processes with the real uid in the list. The real uid is the uid that the user uses when starting a task or a process. |
| -v | Matches all processes except those that meet the specified criteria in the command line. |
| -f | Matches pattern against full arguments rather than the name of the executable file. |
| -x | Matches the processes that exactly match the specified pattern. |
The following example displays the process ID for the process sh:
$ pgrep sh 3 8027 307 765 762 6488 7970 8147 8150
The following command displays the process ID of all those processes matching the in pattern:
$ pgrep in* 1 59 111 118 156The pgrep command with the l option displays the name of the processes, which contains the string in along with their PIDs.
$ pgrep -l in
1 init
111 in.routed
118 in.ndpd
156 inetd
133 rpcbind
The following command displays the processes owned by user James:
$ pgrep -u james 1459 1464 $
You can combine options. In the following example, both the l and the u options are used together with the pgrep command to display the names of all the processes run by user James, along with his process ID.
$ pgrep -l -u james 1459 sh 1464 csh
The -d option is used to specify a delimiter for separating PIDs when more than one process ID is tested in the output of the pgrep command. The following example uses delimiters for the listed processes for the user James.
$ pgrep d";" u james 951; 1042; 1051
NOTE
You can specify more than one user ID by using a comma (,) as a field separator.
pgrep's default behaviour (returning the process identifier(s) of the named task(s)) is invoked by typing:
pgrep taskname
This is roughly equivalent to the following command:
ps ax |
grep
taskname | grep -v grep |
awk '{print $1}'
Hence, pgrep simplifies an otherwise complex task.
pgrep also has additional functionality, e.g.:
pgrep -l -G other
pgrep -v -u root
Examples from man page
Example 1: Find the process ID of the named daemon:
$ pgrep -u root named
Example 2: Make syslog reread its configuration file:
$ pkill -HUP syslogd
Example 3: Give detailed information on all xterm processes:
$ ps -fp $(pgrep -d, -x xterm)
Example 4: Make all netscape processes run nicer:
$ renice +4 `pgrep netscape`
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"gev_d" <gdelvalle...gmail.com> writes:
> Now i use pgrep alot, but I'd like to see what options the process is
> running with. for example, let's say I'm running named, but I started
> it with the wrong conf file, how would I be able to see this with
> pgrep ( if that is possible )?How about something like this?
% ps -fp `pgrep -d, named`
James Carlson, KISS Network <james.d.carlson...sun.com>
Sun Microsystems / 1 Network Drive 71.232W Vox +1 781 442 2084
MS UBUR02-212 / Burlington MA 01803-2757 42.496N Fax +1 781 442 1677gev_d <gdelvalle...gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi All,
> I used to use ps -ef | grep process_name to find if a process was
> running. What i liked about this was that it showed the whole command
> line argument ( switches and values and all)pgrep -f
Daniel
attributes
[-t term,...] [pattern]
pkill [-signal] [-fvx] [-n|-o] [-P ppid,...] [-g pgrp,...]
[-s sid,...] [-u euid,...] [-U uid,...] [-G gid,...]
[-t term,...] [pattern]
pgrep -u root sshd
will only list the processes called sshd AND owned by root. On the other hand,
pgrep -u
root,daemon
will list the processes owned by root OR daemon.
pkill will send the specified signal (by default SIGTERM) to each process instead of listing them on stdout.
unix$ pgrep
-
u root named
Example 2: Make syslog reread its configuration file:
unix$
pkill -HUP syslogd
Example 3: Give detailed information on all xterm processes:
unix$ ps -fp $(pgrep -d, -x xterm)
Example 4: Make all netscape processes run nicer:
unix$ renice +4 'pgrep netscape'
The running pgrep or pkill process will never report itself as a match.
Defunct processes are reported.
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