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Unzip

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Introduction
Arguments
Options
Modifiers

Introduction

UnZip is a utility for extraction of file from the archives compressed in .zip format (commonly called "zipfiles"). Complementary utility to zip. Although highly compatible both with PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP utilities for MS-DOS and with Info-ZIP's own Zip program, the primary objectives have been portability and non-MSDOS functionality.

UnZip will list, test, or extract files from a .zip archive, commonly found on MS-DOS systems.

The default behavior (with no options and single file specified as argument, for example unzip example.zip) is to extract into the current directory (and subdirectories below it) all files from the specified zipfile.

A companion program, Zip, creates .zip archives; both programs are compatible with archives created by PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS, but in many cases the program options or default behaviors differ. (For example, UnZip recreates the stored directory structure by default; PKUNZIP unpacks all files in the current directory by default.)

Working with zip and unzip represents some challenges for Unix admins who get used to gzip and other Unix style utilities, as those two originated in DOS which ahs different conventions then Unix and those conventions are still preserved in parameters.

For example, if you want to unzip many ZIP archives in a directory, the command:

unzip *.zip

doesn't work. To fix this situation you need to put the pattern in single quotes:

unzip '*.zip'

Or you can create an alias unzipall that will use Unix conventions. For example

alias unzipall='ls *.zip | xargs -l unzip'

You could also use a loop to unzip each file:

for x in /path/to/archives/*.zip; do unzip "$x"; done

or:

for x in $(ls /path/to/archives/*.zip 2>/dev/null); do unzip $x; done

Unlike many Unix commands (e.g., gzip and bzip2), the last argument to unzip isn't an arbitrarily long list of files. To process the command

unzip *.zip

the shell expands the wildcard, so (assuming you have files named zipfile1.zip to zipfile4.zip) to

unzip zipfile1.zip zipfile2.zip zipfile3.zip zipfile4.zip

The first argument plays special role in unzip -- it specifies the archive to work with. Subsequent arguments are treated as files to extract. So this command attempts to extract zipfile2.zip, zipfile3.zip, and zipfile4.zip from the archive zipfile1.zip. Naturally this command fails unless zipfile1.zip actually contains files with those names.

The first method prevents the shell from expanding the wildcard by using single quotes. However, that only works if there is only one wildcard. The second and third methods work around that by running an explicit unzip command for each ZIP file found when the shell expands the wildcards, or returns the result of the ls command.

The ls version is used because the default behavior of bash (and sh) is to return unmatched patterns unchanged. That means you would be trying to unzip a file called /path/to/date*/name/*.zip if no files match the wildcard pattern. But command ls will simply return null on STDOUT, and an error that we throw away on STDERR.

You can set the shopt -s nullglob option to cause filename patterns that match no files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.

Arguments

file[.zip]

Path of the ZIP archive(s). If the file specification is a wildcard, each matching file is processed in an order determined by the operating system (or file system). Only the filename can be a wildcard; the path itself cannot. Wildcard expressions are similar to those supported in commonly used Unix shells (sh, ksh, csh) and may contain:

matches a sequence of 0 or more characters

matches exactly 1 character

[...]

matches any single character found inside the brackets; ranges are specified by a beginning character, a hyphen, and an ending character. If an exclamation point or a caret ('!' or '^') follows the left bracket, then the range of characters within the brackets is complemented (that is, anything except the characters inside the brackets is considered a match). To specify a verbatim left bracket, the three-character sequence ''[[]'' has to be used.

(Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be interpreted or modified by the operating system, particularly under Unix and VMS.) If no matches are found, the specification is assumed to be a literal filename; and if that also fails, the suffix .zip is appended. Note that self-extracting ZIP files are supported, as with any other ZIP archive; just specify the .exe suffix (if any) explicitly.

[file(s)]

An optional list of archive members to be processed, separated by spaces. (VMS versions compiled with VMSCLI defined must delimit files with commas instead. See -v in OPTIONS below.) Regular expressions (wildcards) may be used to match multiple members; see above. Again, be sure to quote expressions that would otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating system.

[-x xfile(s)]: An optional list of archive members to be excluded from processing. Since wildcard characters normally match ('/') directory separators (for exceptions see the option -W), this option may be used to exclude any files that are in subdirectories. For example, ''unzip foo *.[ch] -x */*'' would extract all C source files in the main directory, but none in any subdirectories. Without the -x option, all C source files in all directories within the zipfile would be extracted.
[-d exdir]: An optional directory to which to extract files. By default, all files and subdirectories are recreated in the current directory; the -d option allows extraction in an arbitrary directory (always assuming one has permission to write to the directory). This option need not appear at the end of the command line; it is also accepted before the zipfile specification (with the normal options), immediately after the zipfile specification, or between the file(s) and the -x option. The option and directory may be concatenated without any white space between them, but note that this may cause normal shell behavior to be suppressed. In particular, ''-d ~'' (tilde) is expanded by Unix C shells into the name of the user's home directory, but ''-d~'' is treated as a literal subdirectory ''~'' of the current directory.

Options

Note that, in order to support obsolescent hardware, unzip's usage screen is limited to 22 or 23 lines and should therefore be considered only a reminder of the basic unzip syntax rather than an exhaustive list of all possible flags. The exhaustive list follows:

-Z

Modifiers

-a

convert text files. Ordinarily all files are extracted exactly as they are stored (as ''binary'' files). The -a option causes files identified by zip as text files (those with the 't' label in zipinfo listings, rather than 'b') to be automatically extracted as such, converting line endings, end-of-file characters and the character set itself as necessary. (For example, Unix files use line feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL) and have no end-of-file (EOF) marker; Macintoshes use carriage returns (CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use CR+LF for EOLs and control-Z for EOF. In addition, IBM mainframes and the Michigan Terminal System use EBCDIC rather than the more common ASCII character set, and NT supports Unicode.) Note that zip's identification of text files is by no means perfect; some ''text'' files may actually be binary and vice versa. unzip therefore prints ''[text]'' or ''[binary]'' as a visual check for each file it extracts when using the -a option. The -aa option forces all files to be extracted as text, regardless of the supposed file type. On VMS, see also -S.

-b

[general] treat all files as binary (no text conversions). This is a shortcut for ---a.

-b

[Tandem] force the creation files with filecode type 180 ('C') when extracting Zip entries marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is enabled by default, see above).

-b

[VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to fixed-length, 512-byte record format. Doubling the option (-bb) forces all files to be extracted in this format. When extracting to standard output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conversion of text record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all (-bb) files.

-B

[when compiled with UNIXBACKUP defined] save a backup copy of each overwritten file. The backup file is gets the name of the target file with a tilde and optionally a unique sequence number (up to 5 digits) appended. The sequence number is applied whenever another file with the original name plus tilde already exists. When used together with the "overwrite all" option -o, numbered backup files are never created. In this case, all backup files are named as the original file with an appended tilde, existing backup files are deleted without notice. This feature works similarly to the default behavior of emacs(1) in many locations.

Example: the old copy of ''foo'' is renamed to ''foo~''.

Warning: Users should be aware that the -B option does not prevent loss of existing data under all circumstances. For example, when unzip is run in overwrite-all mode, an existing ''foo~'' file is deleted before unzip attempts to rename ''foo'' to ''foo~''. When this rename attempt fails (because of a file locks, insufficient privileges, or ...), the extraction of ''foo~'' gets cancelled, but the old backup file is already lost. A similar scenario takes place when the sequence number range for numbered backup files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535 for 16-bit systems). In this case, the backup file with the maximum sequence number is deleted and replaced by the new backup version without notice.

-C

use case-insensitive matching for the selection of archive entries from the command-line list of extract selection patterns. unzip's philosophy is ''you get what you ask for'' (this is also responsible for the -L/-U change; see the relevant options below). Because some file systems are fully case-sensitive (notably those under the Unix operating system) and because both ZIP archives and unzip itself are portable across platforms, unzip's default behavior is to match both wildcard and literal filenames case-sensitively. That is, specifying ''makefile'' on the command line will only match ''makefile'' in the archive, not ''Makefile'' or ''MAKEFILE'' (and similarly for wildcard specifications). Since this does not correspond to the behavior of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2 HPFS, which preserves mixed case but is not sensitive to it), the -C option may be used to force all filename matches to be case-insensitive. In the example above, all three files would then match ''makefile'' (or ''make*'', or similar). The -C option affects file specs in both the normal file list and the excluded-file list (xlist).

Please note that the -C option does neither affect the search for the zipfile(s) nor the matching of archive entries to existing files on the extraction path. On a case-sensitive file system, unzip will never try to overwrite a file ''FOO'' when extracting an entry ''foo''!

-D

skip restoration of timestamps for extracted items. Normally, unzip tries to restore all meta-information for extracted items that are supplied in the Zip archive (and do not require privileges or impose a security risk). By specifying -D, unzip is told to suppress restoration of timestamps for directories explicitly created from Zip archive entries. This option only applies to ports that support setting timestamps for directories (currently ATheOS, BeOS, MacOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS, Win32, for other unzip ports, -D has no effect). The duplicated option -DD forces suppression of timestamp restoration for all extracted entries (files and directories). This option results in setting the timestamps for all extracted entries to the current time.

On VMS, the default setting for this option is -D for consistency with the behaviour of BACKUP: file timestamps are restored, timestamps of extracted directories are left at the current time. To enable restoration of directory timestamps, the negated option --D should be specified. On VMS, the option -D disables timestamp restoration for all extracted Zip archive items. (Here, a single -D on the command line combines with the default -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other systems.)

-E

[MacOS only] display contents of MacOS extra field during restore operation.

-F

[Acorn only] suppress removal of NFS filetype extension from stored filenames.

-F

[non-Acorn systems supporting long filenames with embedded commas, and only if compiled with ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined] translate filetype information from ACORN RISC OS extra field blocks into a NFS filetype extension and append it to the names of the extracted files. (When the stored filename appears to already have an appended NFS filetype extension, it is replaced by the info from the extra field.)

-i

[MacOS only] ignore filenames stored in MacOS extra fields. Instead, the most compatible filename stored in the generic part of the entry's header is used.

-j

junk paths. The archive's directory structure is not recreated; all files are deposited in the extraction directory (by default, the current one).

-J

[BeOS only] junk file attributes. The file's BeOS file attributes are not restored, just the file's data.

-J

[MacOS only] ignore MacOS extra fields. All Macintosh specific info is skipped. Data-fork and resource-fork are restored as separate files.

-K

[AtheOS, BeOS, Unix only] retain SUID/SGID/Tacky file attributes. Without this flag, these attribute bits are cleared for security reasons.

-L

convert to lowercase any filename originating on an uppercase-only operating system or file system. (This was unzip's default behavior in releases prior to 5.11; the new default behavior is identical to the old behavior with the -U option, which is now obsolete and will be removed in a future release.) Depending on the archiver, files archived under single-case file systems (VMS, old MS-DOS FAT, etc.) may be stored as all-uppercase names; this can be ugly or inconvenient when extracting to a case-preserving file system such as OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensitive one such as under Unix. By default unzip lists and extracts such filenames exactly as they're stored (excepting truncation, conversion of unsupported characters, etc.); this option causes the names of all files from certain systems to be converted to lowercase. The -LL option forces conversion of every filename to lowercase, regardless of the originating file system.

-M

pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix more(1) command. At the end of a screenful of output, unzip pauses with a ''--More--'' prompt; the next screenful may be viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the space bar. unzip can be terminated by pressing the ''q'' key and, on some systems, the Enter/Return key. Unlike Unix more(1), there is no forward-searching or editing capability. Also, unzip doesn't notice if long lines wrap at the edge of the screen, effectively resulting in the printing of two or more lines and the likelihood that some text will scroll off the top of the screen before being viewed. On some systems the number of available lines on the screen is not detected, in which case unzip assumes the height is 24 lines.

-n

never overwrite existing files. If a file already exists, skip the extraction of that file without prompting. By default unzip queries before extracting any file that already exists; the user may choose to overwrite only the current file, overwrite all files, skip extraction of the current file, skip extraction of all existing files, or rename the current file.

-N

[Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes. File comments are created with the -c option of zip(1L), or with the -N option of the Amiga port of zip(1L), which stores filenotes as comments.

-o

overwrite existing files without prompting. This is a dangerous option, so use it with care. (It is often used with -f, however, and is the only way to overwrite directory EAs under OS/2.)

-P password

use password to decrypt encrypted zipfile entries (if any). THIS IS INSECURE! Many multi-user operating systems provide ways for any user to see the current command line of any other user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of over-the-shoulder peeking. Storing the plaintext password as part of a command line in an automated script is even worse. Whenever possible, use the non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter passwords. (And where security is truly important, use strong encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively weak encryption provided by standard zipfile utilities.)

-q

perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter). Ordinarily unzip prints the names of the files it's extracting or testing, the extraction methods, any file or zipfile comments that may be stored in the archive, and possibly a summary when finished with each archive. The -q[q] options suppress the printing of some or all of these messages.

-s

[OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames to underscores. Since all PC operating systems allow spaces in filenames, unzip by default extracts filenames with spaces intact (e.g., ''EA DATA. SF''). This can be awkward, however, since MS-DOS in particular does not gracefully support spaces in filenames. Conversion of spaces to underscores can eliminate the awkwardness in some cases.

-S

[VMS] convert text files (-a, -aa) into Stream_LF record format, instead of the text-file default, variable-length record format. (Stream_LF is the default record format of VMS unzip. It is applied unless conversion (-a, -aa and/or -b, -bb) is requested or a VMS-specific entry is processed.)

-U

[UNICODE_SUPPORT only] modify or disable UTF-8 handling. When UNICODE_SUPPORT is available, the option -U forces unzip to escape all non-ASCII characters from UTF-8 coded filenames as ''#Uxxxx'' (for UCS-2 characters, or ''#Lxxxxxx'' for unicode codepoints needing 3 octets). This option is mainly provided for debugging purpose when the fairly new UTF-8 support is suspected to mangle up extracted filenames.

The option -UU allows to entirely disable the recognition of UTF-8 encoded filenames. The handling of filename codings within unzip falls back to the behaviour of previous versions.

[old, obsolete usage] leave filenames uppercase if created under MS-DOS, VMS, etc. See -L above.

-V

retain (VMS) file version numbers. VMS files can be stored with a version number, in the format file.ext;##. By default the '';##'' version numbers are stripped, but this option allows them to be retained. (On file systems that limit filenames to particularly short lengths, the version numbers may be truncated or stripped regardless of this option.)

-W

[only when WILD_STOP_AT_DIR compile-time option enabled] modifies the pattern matching routine so that both '?' (single-char wildcard) and '*' (multi-char wildcard) do not match the directory separator character '/'. (The two-character sequence ''**'' acts as a multi-char wildcard that includes the directory separator in its matched characters.) Examples:

"*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
"**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
"*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
"??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo"
        but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"

This modified behaviour is equivalent to the pattern matching style used by the shells of some of UnZip's supported target OSs (one example is Acorn RISC OS). This option may not be available on systems where the Zip archive's internal directory separator character '/' is allowed as regular character in native operating system filenames. (Currently, UnZip uses the same pattern matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifications and zip entry selection patterns in most ports. For systems allowing '/' as regular filename character, the -W option would not work as expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)

-X

[VMS, Unix, OS/2, NT, Tandem] restore owner/protection info (UICs and ACL entries) under VMS, or user and group info (UID/GID) under Unix, or access control lists (ACLs) under certain network-enabled versions of OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0; Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0), or security ACLs under Windows NT. In most cases this will require special system privileges, and doubling the option (-XX) under NT instructs unzip to use privileges for extraction; but under Unix, for example, a user who belongs to several groups can restore files owned by any of those groups, as long as the user IDs match his or her own. Note that ordinary file attributes are always restored--this option applies only to optional, extra ownership info available on some operating systems. [NT's access control lists do not appear to be especially compatible with OS/2's, so no attempt is made at cross-platform portability of access privileges. It is not clear under what conditions this would ever be useful anyway.]

-Y

[VMS] treat archived file name endings of ''.nnn'' (where ''nnn'' is a decimal number) as if they were VMS version numbers ('';nnn''). (The default is to treat them as file types.) Example:

"a.b.3" -> "a.b;3".

-$

[MS-DOS, OS/2, NT] restore the volume label if the extraction medium is removable (e.g., a diskette). Doubling the option (-$$) allows fixed media (hard disks) to be labelled as well. By default, volume labels are ignored.

-/ extensions

[Acorn only] overrides the extension list supplied by Unzip$Ext environment variable. During extraction, filename extensions that match one of the items in this extension list are swapped in front of the base name of the extracted file.

-:

[all but Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to extract archive members into locations outside of the current '' extraction root folder''. For security reasons, unzip normally removes ''parent dir'' path components (''../'') from the names of extracted file. This safety feature (new for version 5.50) prevents unzip from accidentally writing files to ''sensitive'' areas outside the active extraction folder tree head. The -: option lets unzip switch back to its previous, more liberal behaviour, to allow exact extraction of (older) archives that used ''../'' components to create multiple directory trees at the level of the current extraction folder. This option does not enable writing explicitly to the root directory (''/''). To achieve this, it is necessary to set the extraction target folder to root (e.g. -d / ). However, when the -: option is specified, it is still possible to implicitly write to the root directory by specifying enough ''../'' path components within the zip archive. Use this option with extreme caution.

-^

[Unix only] allow control characters in names of extracted ZIP archive entries. On Unix, a file name may contain any (8-bit) character code with the two exception '/' (directory delimiter) and NUL (0x00, the C string termination indicator), unless the specific file system has more restrictive conventions. Generally, this allows to embed ASCII control characters (or even sophisticated control sequences) in file names, at least on 'native' Unix file systems. However, it may be highly suspicious to make use of this Unix "feature". Embedded control characters in file names might have nasty side effects when displayed on screen by some listing code without sufficient filtering. And, for ordinary users, it may be difficult to handle such file names (e.g. when trying to specify it for open, copy, move, or delete operations). Therefore, unzip applies a filter by default that removes potentially dangerous control characters from the extracted file names. The -^ option allows to override this filter in the rare case that embedded filename control characters are to be intentionally restored.

-2

[VMS] force unconditionally conversion of file names to ODS2-compatible names. The default is to exploit the destination file system, preserving case and extended file name characters on an ODS5 destination file system; and applying the ODS2-compatibility file name filtering on an ODS2 destination file system.

Environment Options

unzip's default behavior may be modified via options placed in an environment variable. This can be done with any option, but it is probably most useful with the -a, -L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers: make unzip auto-convert text files by default, make it convert filenames from uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names case-insensitively, make it quieter, or make it always overwrite or never overwrite files as it extracts them. For example, to make unzip act as quietly as possible, only reporting errors, one would use one of the following commands:

Unix Bourne shell:

UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP

Unix C shell:

setenv UNZIP -qq

OS/2 or MS-DOS:

set UNZIP=-qq

VMS (quotes for lowercase):

define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq"

Environment options are, in effect, considered to be just like any other command-line options, except that they are effectively the first options on the command line. To override an environment option, one may use the ''minus operator'' to remove it. For instance, to override one of the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command

unzip --q[other options] zipfile

The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the second is a minus sign, acting on the q option. Thus the effect here is to cancel one quantum of quietness. To cancel both quiet flags, two (or more) minuses may be used:

unzip -t--q zipfile
unzip ---qt zipfile

(the two are equivalent). This may seem awkward or confusing, but it is reasonably intuitive: just ignore the first hyphen and go from there. It is also consistent with the behavior of Unix nice(1).

As suggested by the examples above, the default variable names are UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to install unzip as a foreign command would otherwise be confused with the environment variable), and UNZIP for all other operating systems. For compatibility with zip(1L), UNZIPOPT is also accepted (don't ask). If both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT are defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence. unzip's diagnostic option (-v with no zipfile name) can be used to check the values of all four possible unzip and zipinfo environment variables.

The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the local timezone in order for the -f and -u to operate correctly. See the description of -f above for details. This variable may also be necessary to get timestamps of extracted files to be set correctly. The WIN32 (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3) port of unzip gets the timezone configuration from the registry, assuming it is correctly set in the Control Panel. The TZ variable is ignored for this port.

Decryption

Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software, but due to United States export restrictions, de-/encryption support might be disabled in your compiled binary. However, since spring 2000, US export restrictions have been liberated, and our source archives do now include full crypt code. In case you need binary distributions with crypt support enabled, see the file ''WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP source or binary distribution for locations both inside and outside the US.

Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption. To check a version for crypt support, either attempt to test or extract an encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen (see the -v option above) for ''[decryption]'' as one of the special compilation options.

As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the command line, but at a cost in security. The preferred decryption method is simply to extract normally; if a zipfile member is encrypted, unzip will prompt for the password without echoing what is typed. unzip continues to use the same password as long as it appears to be valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file. The correct password will always check out against the header, but there is a 1-in-256 chance that an incorrect password will as well. (This is a security feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it helps prevent brute-force attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage by testing only the header.) In the case that an incorrect password is given but it passes the header test anyway, either an incorrect CRC will be generated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail during the extraction because the ''decrypted'' bytes do not constitute a valid compressed data stream.

If the first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will prompt for another password, and so on until all files are extracted. If a password is not known, entering a null password (that is, just a carriage return or ''Enter'') is taken as a signal to skip all further prompting. Only unencrypted files in the archive(s) will thereafter be extracted. (In fact, that's not quite true; older versions of zip(1L) and zipcloak(1L) allowed null passwords, so unzip checks each encrypted file to see if the null password works. This may result in ''false positives'' and extraction errors, as noted above.)

Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example, passwords with accented European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or other archivers. This problem stems from the use of multiple encoding methods for such characters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and OEM code page 850. DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP 2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with DOS PKZIP); Info-ZIP uses the OEM code page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but ISO coding (Latin-1 etc.) everywhere else; and Nico Mak's WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit passwords at all. UnZip 5.3 (or newer) attempts to use the default character set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the alternate one (e.g., OEM code page) to test passwords. On EBCDIC systems, if both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be tested as a last resort. (EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC systems, because there are no known archivers that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding.) ISO character encodings other than Latin-1 are not supported. The new addition of (partially) Unicode (resp. UTF-8) support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been adapted to the encryption password handling in unzip. On systems that use UTF-8 as native character encoding, unzip simply tries decryption with the native UTF-8 encoded password; the built-in attempts to check the password in translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 support and will consequently fail.

Examples

To use unzip to extract all members of the archive letters.zip into the current directory and subdirectories below it, creating any subdirectories as necessary:

unzip letters

To extract all members of letters.zip into the current directory only:

unzip -j letters

To test letters.zip, printing only a summary message indicating whether the archive is OK or not:

unzip -tq letters

To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing only the summaries:

unzip -tq \*.zip

(The backslash before the asterisk is only required if the shell expands wildcards, as in Unix; double quotes could have been used instead, as in the source examples below.) To extract to standard output all members of letters.zip whose names end in .tex, auto-converting to the local end-of-line convention and piping the output into more(1):

unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more

To extract the binary file paper1.dvi to standard output and pipe it to a printing program:

unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips

To extract all FORTRAN and C source files--*.f, *.c, *.h, and Makefile--into the /tmp directory:

unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp

(the double quotes are necessary only in Unix and only if globbing is turned on). To extract all FORTRAN and C source files, regardless of case (e.g., both *.c and *.C, and any makefile, Makefile, MAKEFILE or similar):

unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp

To extract any such files but convert any uppercase MS-DOS or VMS names to lowercase and convert the line-endings of all of the files to the local standard (without respect to any files that might be marked ''binary''):

unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp

To extract only newer versions of the files already in the current directory, without querying (NOTE: be careful of unzipping in one timezone a zipfile created in another--ZIP archives other than those created by Zip 2.1 or later contain no timezone information, and a ''newer'' file from an eastern timezone may, in fact, be older):

unzip -fo sources

To extract newer versions of the files already in the current directory and to create any files not already there (same caveat as previous example):

unzip -uo sources

To display a diagnostic screen showing which unzip and zipinfo options are stored in environment variables, whether decryption support was compiled in, the compiler with which unzip was compiled, etc.:

unzip -v

In the last five examples, assume that UNZIP or UNZIP_OPTS is set to -q. To do a singly quiet listing:

unzip -l file.zip

To do a doubly quiet listing:

unzip -ql file.zip

(Note that the ''.zip'' is generally not necessary.) To do a standard listing:

unzip --ql file.zip

or

unzip -l-q file.zip

or

unzip -l--q file.zip

(Extra minuses in options don't hurt.)

Tips

The current maintainer, being a lazy sort, finds it very useful to define a pair of aliases: tt for ''unzip -tq'' and ii for ''unzip -Z'' (or ''zipinfo''). One may then simply type ''tt zipfile'' to test an archive, something that is worth making a habit of doing. With luck unzip will report ''No errors detected in compressed data of zipfile.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of relief.

The maintainer also finds it useful to set the UNZIP environment variable to ''-aL'' and is tempted to add ''-C'' as well. His ZIPINFO variable is set to ''-z''.

Diagnostics

The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by PKWARE and takes on the following values, except under VMS:

normal; no errors or warnings detected.

one or more warning errors were encountered, but processing completed successfully anyway. This includes zipfiles where one or more files was skipped due to unsupported compression method or encryption with an unknown password.

a generic error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing may have completed successfully anyway; some broken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple work-arounds.

a severe error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing probably failed immediately.

unzip was unable to allocate memory for one or more buffers during program initialization.

unzip was unable to allocate memory or unable to obtain a tty to read the decryption password(s).

unzip was unable to allocate memory during decompression to disk.

unzip was unable to allocate memory during in-memory decompression.

[currently not used]

the specified zipfiles were not found.

invalid options were specified on the command line.

no matching files were found.

the disk is (or was) full during extraction.

the end of the ZIP archive was encountered prematurely.

the user aborted unzip prematurely with control-C (or similar)

testing or extraction of one or more files failed due to unsupported compression methods or unsupported decryption.

no files were found due to bad decryption password(s). (If even one file is successfully processed, however, the exit status is 1.)

VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other, scarier-looking things, so unzip instead maps them into VMS-style status codes. The current mapping is as follows: 1 (success) for normal exit, 0x7fff0001 for warning errors, and (0x7fff000? + 16*normal_unzip_exit_status) for all other errors, where the '?' is 2 (error) for unzip values 2, 9-11 and 80-82, and 4 (fatal error) for the remaining ones (3-8, 50, 51). In addition, there is a compilation option to expand upon this behavior: defining RETURN_CODES results in a human-readable explanation of what the error status means.

Bugs

Multi-part archives are not yet supported, except in conjunction with zip. (All parts must be concatenated together in order, and then ''zip -F'' (for zip 2.x) or ''zip -FF'' (for zip 3.x) must be performed on the concatenated archive in order to ''fix'' it. Also, zip 3.0 and later can combine multi-part (split) archives into a combined single-file archive using ''zip -s- inarchive -O outarchive''. See the zip 3 manual page for more information.) This will definitely be corrected in the next major release.

Archives read from standard input are not yet supported, except with funzip (and then only the first member of the archive can be extracted).

Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (e.g., passwords with accented European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or other archivers. See the discussion in DECRYPTION above.

unzip's -M (''more'') option tries to take into account automatic wrapping of long lines. However, the code may fail to detect the correct wrapping locations. First, TAB characters (and similar control sequences) are not taken into account, they are handled as ordinary printable characters. Second, depending on the actual system / OS port, unzip may not detect the true screen geometry but rather rely on "commonly used" default dimensions. The correct handling of tabs would require the implementation of a query for the actual tabulator setup on the output console.

Dates, times and permissions of stored directories are not restored except under Unix. (On Windows NT and successors, timestamps are now restored.)

[MS-DOS] When extracting or testing files from an archive on a defective floppy diskette, if the ''Fail'' option is chosen from DOS's ''Abort, Retry, Fail?'' message, older versions of unzip may hang the system, requiring a reboot. This problem appears to be fixed, but control-C (or control-Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.

Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail on long zipfiles (bad CRC, not always reproducible). This was apparently due either to a hardware bug (cache memory) or an operating system bug (improper handling of page faults?). Since Ultrix has been abandoned in favor of Digital Unix (OSF/1), this may not be an issue anymore.

[Unix] Unix special files such as FIFO buffers (named pipes), block devices and character devices are not restored even if they are somehow represented in the zipfile, nor are hard-linked files relinked. Basically the only file types restored by unzip are regular files, directories and symbolic (soft) links.

[OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are only updated if the -o (''overwrite all'') option is given. This is a limitation of the operating system; because directories only have a creation time associated with them, unzip has no way to determine whether the stored attributes are newer or older than those on disk. In practice this may mean a two-pass approach is required: first unpack the archive normally (with or without freshening/updating existing files), then overwrite just the directory entries (e.g., ''unzip -o foo */'').

[VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the [.foo] syntax is accepted for the -d option; the simple Unix foo syntax is silently ignored (as is the less common VMS foo.dir syntax).

[VMS] When the file being extracted already exists, unzip's query only allows skipping, overwriting or renaming; there should additionally be a choice for creating a new version of the file. In fact, the ''overwrite'' choice does create a new version; the old version is not overwritten or deleted.

Url

The Info-ZIP home page is currently at

http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/

or

ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .

Authors

The primary Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members of the Zip-Bugs workgroup) are: Ed Gordon (Zip, general maintenance, shared code, Zip64, Win32, Unix, Unicode); Christian Spieler (UnZip maintenance coordination, VMS, MS-DOS, Win32, shared code, general Zip and UnZip integration and optimization); Onno van der Linden (Zip); Mike White (Win32, Windows GUI, Windows DLLs); Kai Uwe Rommel (OS/2, Win32); Steven M. Schweda (VMS, Unix, support of new features); Paul Kienitz (Amiga, Win32, Unicode); Chris Herborth (BeOS, QNX, Atari); Jonathan Hudson (SMS/QDOS); Sergio Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald Denker (Atari, MVS); John Bush (Solaris, Amiga); Hunter Goatley (VMS, Info-ZIP Site maintenance); Steve Salisbury (Win32); Steve Miller (Windows CE GUI), Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Win32, Zip64); and Dave Smith (Tandem NSK).

The following people were former members of the Info-ZIP development group and provided major contributions to key parts of the current code: Greg ''Cave Newt'' Roelofs (UnZip, unshrink decompression); Jean-loup Gailly (deflate compression); Mark Adler (inflate decompression, fUnZip).

The author of the original unzip code upon which Info-ZIP's was based is Samuel H. Smith; Carl Mascott did the first Unix port; and David P. Kirschbaum organized and led Info-ZIP in its early days with Keith Petersen hosting the original mailing list at WSMR-SimTel20. The full list of contributors to UnZip has grown quite large; please refer to the CONTRIBS file in the UnZip source distribution for a relatively complete version.

Versions

v1.2
Samuel H. Smith
v2.0
Samuel H. Smith
v2.x
many Usenet contributors
v3.0
Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
v3.1
Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
v4.0
Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
v4.1
Info-ZIP
v4.2
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.0
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.01
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.1
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.11
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.12
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.2
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.3
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.31
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.32
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.4
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.41
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.42
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.5
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.51
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v5.52
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
v6.0
Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)

Latest Release

New features in UnZip 6.0, released 20 April 2009:

Support PKWARE ZIP64 extensions, allowing Zip archives and Zip archive entries larger than 4 GiBytes and more than 65536 entries within a single Zip archive. This support is currently only available for Unix, OpenVMS and Win32/Win64.
Support for bzip2 compression method.
Support for UTF-8 encoded entry names, both through PKWARE's "General Purpose Flags Bit 11" indicator and Info-ZIP's new "up" unicode path extra field. (Currently, on Windows the UTF-8 handling is limited to the character subset contained in the configured non-unicode "system code page".)
Added "wrong implementation used" warning to error messages of the MSDOS port when used under Win32, in an attempt to reduce false bug reports.
Fixed "Time of Creation/Time of Use" vulnerability when setting attributes of extracted files, for Unix and Unix-like ports.
Fixed memory leak when processing invalid deflated data.
Fixed long-standing bug in unshrink (partial_clear), added boundary checks against invalid compressed data.
On Unix, keep inherited SGID attribute bit for extracted directories unless restoration of owner/group id or SUID/SGID/Tacky attributes was requested.
On Unix, allow extracted filenames to contain embedded control characters when explicitly requested by specifying the new command line option "-^".
On Unix, support restoration of symbolic link attributes.
On Unix, support restoration of 32-bit UID/GID data using the new "ux" IZUNIX3 extra field introduced with Zip 3.0.
Support for ODS5 extended filename syntax on new OpenVMS systems.
Support symbolic links zipped up on VMS.
On VMS (only 8.x or better), support symbolic link creation.
On VMS, support option to create converted text files in Stream_LF format.
New -D option to suppress restoration of timestamps for extracted directory entries (on those ports that support setting of directory timestamps). By specifying "-DD", this new option also allows to suppress timestamp restoration for ALL extracted files on all UnZip ports which support restoration of timestamps. On VMS, the default behaviour is now to skip restoration of directory timestamps; here, "--D" restores ALL timestamps, "-D" restores none.
On OS/2, Win32, and Unix, the (previously optional) feature UNIXBACKUP to allow saving backup copies of overwritten files on extraction is now enabled by default.

For the UnZip 6.0 release, we want to give special credit to Myles Bennet, who started the job of supporting ZIP64 extensions and Large-File (> 2GiB) and provided a first (alpha-state) port.

Future Plans

The next major release will be version 6.1.

It is questionable whether there will ever be a subsequent major release, but on the off-chance that there is, it will probably be version 7.0, perhaps with a much-improved and unified DLL interface and possibly better file system support for the MVS and VM/CMS ports, assuming that doesn't happen sooner. And then perhaps version 8.0 will be released, with full filter support (that is, able to read and extract a zipfile from standard input like fUnZip does now), but now we're really dreaming. While we're at it, though, a tcl/tk or Python/PIL graphical interface might be nice--but see the related-links section for a pointer to TkZip, which already exists (and has for a long time).

Etc

Society

Groupthink : Two Party System as Polyarchy : Corruption of Regulators : Bureaucracies : Understanding Micromanagers and Control Freaks : Toxic Managers : Harvard Mafia : Diplomatic Communication : Surviving a Bad Performance Review : Insufficient Retirement Funds as Immanent Problem of Neoliberal Regime : PseudoScience : Who Rules America : Neoliberalism : The Iron Law of Oligarchy : Libertarian Philosophy

Quotes

War and Peace : Skeptical Finance : John Kenneth Galbraith :Talleyrand : Oscar Wilde : Otto Von Bismarck : Keynes : George Carlin : Skeptics : Propaganda : SE quotes : Language Design and Programming Quotes : Random IT-related quotes : Somerset Maugham : Marcus Aurelius : Kurt Vonnegut : Eric Hoffer : Winston Churchill : Napoleon Bonaparte : Ambrose Bierce : Bernard Shaw : Mark Twain Quotes

Bulletin:

Vol 25, No.12 (December, 2013) Rational Fools vs. Efficient Crooks The efficient markets hypothesis : Political Skeptic Bulletin, 2013 : Unemployment Bulletin, 2010 : Vol 23, No.10 (October, 2011) An observation about corporate security departments : Slightly Skeptical Euromaydan Chronicles, June 2014 : Greenspan legacy bulletin, 2008 : Vol 25, No.10 (October, 2013) Cryptolocker Trojan (Win32/Crilock.A) : Vol 25, No.08 (August, 2013) Cloud providers as intelligence collection hubs : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2010 : Inequality Bulletin, 2009 : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2008 : Copyleft Problems Bulletin, 2004 : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2011 : Energy Bulletin, 2010 : Malware Protection Bulletin, 2010 : Vol 26, No.1 (January, 2013) Object-Oriented Cult : Political Skeptic Bulletin, 2011 : Vol 23, No.11 (November, 2011) Softpanorama classification of sysadmin horror stories : Vol 25, No.05 (May, 2013) Corporate bullshit as a communication method : Vol 25, No.06 (June, 2013) A Note on the Relationship of Brooks Law and Conway Law

History:

Fifty glorious years (1950-2000): the triumph of the US computer engineering : Donald Knuth : TAoCP and its Influence of Computer Science : Richard Stallman : Linus Torvalds : Larry Wall : John K. Ousterhout : CTSS : Multix OS Unix History : Unix shell history : VI editor : History of pipes concept : Solaris : MS DOS : Programming Languages History : PL/1 : Simula 67 : C : History of GCC development : Scripting Languages : Perl history : OS History : Mail : DNS : SSH : CPU Instruction Sets : SPARC systems 1987-2006 : Norton Commander : Norton Utilities : Norton Ghost : Frontpage history : Malware Defense History : GNU Screen : OSS early history

Classic books:

The Peter Principle : Parkinson Law : 1984 : The Mythical Man-Month : How to Solve It by George Polya : The Art of Computer Programming : The Elements of Programming Style : The Unix Hater’s Handbook : The Jargon file : The True Believer : Programming Pearls : The Good Soldier Svejk : The Power Elite

Most popular humor pages:

Manifest of the Softpanorama IT Slacker Society : Ten Commandments of the IT Slackers Society : Computer Humor Collection : BSD Logo Story : The Cuckoo's Egg : IT Slang : C++ Humor : ARE YOU A BBS ADDICT? : The Perl Purity Test : Object oriented programmers of all nations : Financial Humor : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2008 : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2010 : The Most Comprehensive Collection of Editor-related Humor : Programming Language Humor : Goldman Sachs related humor : Greenspan humor : C Humor : Scripting Humor : Real Programmers Humor : Web Humor : GPL-related Humor : OFM Humor : Politically Incorrect Humor : IDS Humor : "Linux Sucks" Humor : Russian Musical Humor : Best Russian Programmer Humor : Microsoft plans to buy Catholic Church : Richard Stallman Related Humor : Admin Humor : Perl-related Humor : Linus Torvalds Related humor : PseudoScience Related Humor : Networking Humor : Shell Humor : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2011 : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2012 : Financial Humor Bulletin, 2013 : Java Humor : Software Engineering Humor : Sun Solaris Related Humor : Education Humor : IBM Humor : Assembler-related Humor : VIM Humor : Computer Viruses Humor : Bright tomorrow is rescheduled to a day after tomorrow : Classic Computer Humor

The Last but not Least Technology is dominated by two types of people: those who understand what they do not manage and those who manage what they do not understand ~Archibald Putt. Ph.D

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Last modified: March 12, 2019

Unzip

Introduction

Arguments

Options

Modifiers

Environment Options

Decryption

Examples

Tips

Diagnostics

Bugs

See Also

Url

Authors

Versions

Latest Release

Future Plans

Etc