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Semaphore and Shared Segment Kernel Parameters

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For an Oracle 10g database, some kernel parameters need to be changed to meet Oracle's requirements at Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1.0.3) for Linux x86. For Oracle10g, the following kernel parameters have to be set to values greater than or equal to the recommended values which can be changed in the proc filesystem:

shmmax  = 2147483648     (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax)
shmall  = 2097152        (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall)
shmmni  = 4096           (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni)

semmsl  = 250            (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $1}')
semmns  = 32000          (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $2}')
semopm  = 100            (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $3}')
semmni  = 128            (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $4}')

file-max = 65536         (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max)

ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 
                         (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range)

To see the above kernel parameters with one command, you can type:

su - root
sysctl -a |egrep "shmmax|shmall|shmmni|sem|file-max|ip_local_port_range"

For ip_local_port_range Oracle recommends to set the local port range for outgoing messages to "1024 65000" which is needed for high-usage systems. This kernel parameter defines the local port range for TCP and UDP traffic to choose from.
For more information on shmmax, shmmni, and shmall, see Setting Shared Memory.
For more information on semmsl, semmni, semmns, and semopm, see Setting Semaphores.
For more information on filemax, see Setting File Handles.

NOTE: Do not change the value of any kernel parameter on a system where it is already higher than listed as minimum requirement.

For SLES-9, SLP-9.1, SLP-9.2, and SLP-9.3 I had to increase the kernel parameters shmmax, semopm, file-max, ip_local_port_range to meet the minimum requirement. To change these kernel parameters permanently, add the following lines below to the configuration file /etc/sysctl.conf. This file is used during the boot process to change default kernel settings. Note that in SLES-9 and SLP-9.1 the /etc/sysctl.conf file does not exist. Simply create the file if it does not exist on your system.

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65000
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
fs.file-max=65536

Or simply run the following command to add new kernel settings:

su - root 
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max=65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65000
EOF

In SLES-9 and SLP-9.1 you also have to instruct SUSE Linux to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file during the boot process. This is done by enabling the boot.sysctl system service:

su - root
# chkconfig boot.sysctl
boot.sysctl  off
# chkconfig boot.sysctl on
# chkconfig boot.sysctl
boot.sysctl  on
#

To load the new kernel settings from the /etc/sysctl.conf file without reboot, execute the following command:

su - root
# sysctl -p
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
#

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Last modified: March 12, 2019