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Installation of Oracle 11g on SLES 11

News	Installing Oracle Database 11g	Recommended Links	Installation Checklist	Oracle kernel parameters tuning on Linux	Semaphore and Shared Segment Kernel Parameters	Packages
Orarun					Humor	Etc

There are two ways to create Oracle environment in SLES 11:

To use orarrun. It is a very questionable package that is discussed separately. This package is not required for running Oracle and was created for Oracle 10.2. It is over-engennered and it might make installation and running Oracle more complex not less. The only advantage that I see is that it installs all the nessesary libraries. After that it can be disabled. BTW its readme still talking about Suse 7.3
to adapt Oracle recommendations for Red Hat/Oracle Linux

Fixing damage from orarun

Suse orarun package cause oracle installer to report "fake" errors such as

file-max                  size is currently 6553600
   increase to       6815744

despite the fact that you put this setting in /etc/sysctl.conf. This is because it is designed to overwrite setting from /etc/sysctl.conf with its own. Which is strange design decision but that's the design decision they made.

Due to this I do not recommend installing orarun during the initial installation on Suse 11.

After the initial installation just install dependencies but not the package itself.

If you did install the package quick fix that I used is as following

mkdir /root/orarun_junk
cd /init.d
mv oracle /root/orarun_junk
rm `find . -name "*oracle"`
mv  /etc/profile.d/oracle* /root/orarun_junk
mv /etc/sysconfig/oracle /root/orarun_junk

That does not fix all the damage (it also inserts unnecessary line in login PAM as well, but you can live with it. At least after the reboot you can install oracle without errors.

Installing without orarun

We will discuss the second way here, as orarrun looks over-engineered and some design decision are questionable

There are three main steps in Installation of Oracle on SLES 11:

There are also several types of common installation errors that you need to be aware of

Common Installation Errors

Pre-Installation Tasks

If you selected orarrun package during the installation, deinstall if forcefully without deinstalling dependencies

1. Create oracle account and dba group

su - 
# groupadd -g 5000 dba 
# useradd -u 5001 -g dba oracle 
# mkdir /home/oracle 
# chown oracle:dba /home/oracle

2. Edit the /etc/sysctl.conf and add following lines:

# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
# For 10g, uncomment 'fs.file-max = 327679', and comment 'fs.file-max = 6553600' entry and re-run sysctl -p
# fs.file-max = 327679
fs.file-max = 6815744

# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmni is 2878
kernel.msgmni = 2878


# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmnb is 65536
kernel.msgmnb = 65536

# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 142'
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142

# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096
kernel.shmmni = 4096

# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824
kernel.shmall = 1073741824

# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 and 4294967295 on i386 architecture. Refer Note id 567506.1
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sysrq is 1
kernel.sysrq = 1

# Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144
net.core.rmem_default = 262144

# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304
# For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.rmem_max = 2097152', comment 'net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' entry and re-run sysctl -p
# net.core.rmem_max = 2097152
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

# Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144

# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576
# For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.wmem_max = 262144', comment 'net.core.wmem_max = 1048576' entry for this parameter and re-run sysctl -p
# net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# Oracle-Validated setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 3145728
fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728

# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500
# For 10g, uncomment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000', comment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' entry and re-run sysctl -p
# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

# Oracle-Validated setting for vm.min_free_kbytes is 51200 to avoid OOM killer
vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200

Note: You need to execute "sysctl -p" command to apply above settings.

Recommendation to insert in the file /etc/pam.d/login file the line:

session required pam_limits.so

is bogus as this line exists in common_session include used in login (orarun does this and in this case you can delete the line).

Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file and add following lines:

## added by orarun ##
oracle	soft	nproc	2047
oracle	hard	nproc	16384
oracle	soft	nofile	1024
oracle	hard	nofile	65536

3. Creating oracle directories

# mkdir /opt/oracle
# mkdir /opt/oracle/111
# chown -R oracle:dba /opt/oracle

4. Setting Oracle Enviroment
Edit the /home/oracle/.bash_profile file and add following lines:
Use this settings for 64bit (x86_64) architecture.

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/111
ORACLE_SID=ORCL
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH_32=$ORACLE_HOME/lib32
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH_32 PATH

Save the .bash_profile and execute following commands for load new enviroment:

cd /home/oracle
. .bash_profile

5. For OpenSuSE only!:Backup original /etc/SuSE-release and change the distribution and release in original file. Change content as following:

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 (x86_64)
VERSION = 10
PATCHLEVEL = 1

Installation

1. Download and install required .rpm packages. You can get them by checking the dependicies for orarun package.

Installation of oracle database is standard and is well described in Oracle publications.

Post-Instalation Tasks

1. Create an init script for auto startup and shutdown of the database and listener

See Oracle Database HOWTO Automatic Startup and Shutdown

Execute (as root) following commands (First script change the permissions, second script is configuring execution for specific runlevels):

chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oracle
chkconfig --add oracle --level 0356

2. (Optional) Auto Startup and Shutdown of Enterprise Manager Database Control

As root user create new file "oraemctl" (init script for startup and shutdown EM DB Console) in /etc/init.d/ directory with following content:

#! /bin/bash
#
#
# /etc/init.d/oracle
#
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: oracle
# Required-Start: $network
# Required-Stop: $network
# Default-Start: 3 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6
# Description: Starting and stopping Oracle Database
### END INIT INFO

. ~oracle/.profileRETVAL=0

function start {
# Start daemons.
   [ -x /dba_scripts/startup_oracle.sh ] || exit 4
   su - oracle -c /dba_scripts/startup_oracle.sh tee /var/log/oracle/startup.log 2>&1
   return 0
}

function stop {
# Stop daemons.
   echo -n $"Shutting down oracle"
   [ -x /dba_scripts/stop_oracle.sh ] || exit 4
   su - oracle -c /dba_scripts/stop_oracle.sh tee /var/log/oracle/stop.log 2>&1
   return 0
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
     start
     ;;
  stop)
     stop
     ;;
  restart|reload)
     stop
     start
     ;;
  *)
     echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart}"
     exit 2
esac
exit 0

Change the permissions, and enable init scripts for specific runlevels:

chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oracle
chkconfig --add oracle --level 0356

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Installing Oracle 10g on SLES 9, SUSE Linux Professional 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3 (Oracle Database 10g Installation, Oracle10g, Novell, SLES-9, SLES9)

For an Oracle 10g database, some kernel parameters need to be changed to meet Oracle's requirements . For Oracle10g, the following kernel parameters have to be set to values greater than or equal to the recommended values which can be changed in the proc filesystem:
shmmax  = 2147483648     (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax)
shmall  = 2097152        (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall)
shmmni  = 4096           (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni)

semmsl  = 250            (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $1}')
semmns  = 32000          (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $2}')
semopm  = 100            (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $3}')
semmni  = 128            (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $4}')

file-max = 65536         (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max)

ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
                         (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range)
To see the above kernel parameters with one command, you can type:
su - root
sysctl -a |egrep "shmmax|shmall|shmmni|sem|file-max|ip_local_port_range"
For ip_local_port_range Oracle recommends to set the local port range for outgoing messages to "1024 65000" which is needed for high-usage systems. This kernel parameter defines the local port range for TCP and UDP traffic to choose from.
For more information on shmmax, shmmni, and shmall, see Setting Shared Memory.
For more information on semmsl, semmni, semmns, and semopm, see Setting Semaphores.
For more information on filemax, see Setting File Handles.
NOTE: Do not change the value of any kernel parameter on a system where it is already higher than listed as minimum requirement.
For SLES-9, SLP-9.1, SLP-9.2, and SLP-9.3 I had to increase the kernel parameters shmmax, semopm, file-max, ip_local_port_range to meet the minimum requirement. To change these kernel parameters permanently, add the following lines below to the configuration file /etc/sysctl.conf. This file is used during the boot process to change default kernel settings. Note that in SLES-9 and SLP-9.1 the /etc/sysctl.conf file does not exist. Simply create the file if it does not exist on your system.
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65000
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
fs.file-max=65536
Or simply run the following command to add new kernel settings:
su - root
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max=65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65000
EOF
In SLES-9 and SLP-9.1 you also have to instruct SUSE Linux to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file during the boot process. This is done by enabling the boot.sysctl system service:
su - root
# chkconfig boot.sysctl
boot.sysctl  off
# chkconfig boot.sysctl on
# chkconfig boot.sysctl
boot.sysctl  on
#
To load the new kernel settings from the /etc/sysctl.conf file without reboot, execute the following command:
su - root
# sysctl -p
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

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Last modified: March, 12, 2019